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 ✎ Lєт'ѕ мαкє ιт тσ 100 ραgєѕ ✐
by a stranger january 2015
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57nd
2 020 points
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August 2016
BORKBORKBORKBORKBORKBORKBORKBORK
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(( ( (( (
``-' ``-' BORK
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57nd
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August 2016
And now... Bork
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(( ( (( (
``-' ``-' BORK
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57nd
2 020 points
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August 2016
Oh, dear. I fail at life. Miserably. Not only did I accidentally post that twice, but that copy and paste turned out awful.
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14nd
4 535 points
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August 2016
HAHAHAHAAHAHAHA I dont know LOL
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unclassified
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September 2016
a stranger
Meow ! >,<
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57nd
2 020 points
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September 2016
Woof
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14nd
4 535 points
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September 2016
bgfrtgh
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unclassified
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September 2016
a stranger
Hey
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14nd
4 535 points
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September 2016
HI
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unclassified
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September 2016
a stranger
Hi
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30nd
3 210 points
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September 2016
Hey. >^-^<
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14nd
4 535 points
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September 2016
PICKLES!!!
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unclassified
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September 2016
a stranger
:)Heyy guys
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unclassified
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September 2016
a stranger
I WANT ICE CREAM
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255nd
857 points
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October 2016
What ?
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unclassified
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October 2016
a stranger
EAT
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unclassified
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October 2016
a stranger
YOUR
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unclassified
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October 2016
a stranger
HAMBURGERS
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unclassified
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October 2016
a stranger
APOLLO
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255nd
857 points
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October 2016
One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten !
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161nd
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October 2016
Hello!
Isw this and dcied hey, why don't we write a whle wikipedia article on here? :)
Here it is. This sould add a few pages.
This article is about Homo sapiens as a taxonomic classification. For a more general perspective on the human species, see Human. For other uses, see Homo sapiens (disambiguation).
Homo sapiens
Temporal range: 0.195–0 Ma
PreЄЄOSDCPTJKPgN
↓
Middle Pleistocene–Present
man and woman in northern Thailand – husband carries stem of banana-plant, which will be fed to their pigs
Male and female
Homo sapiens sapiens
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Synapsida
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorhini
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: H. sapiens
Binomial name
Homo sapiens
Linnaeus, 1758
Subspecies
†Homo sapiens idaltu
Homo sapiens sapiens
Homo sapiens (Latin: "wise man") is the binomial nomenclature (also known as the scientific name) for the only extant human species. Homo is the human genus, which also includes Neanderthals and many other extinct species of hominid; H. sapiens is the only surviving species of the genus Homo. Modern humans are the subspecies Homo sapiens sapiens, which differentiates them from what has been argued to be their direct ancestor, Homo sapiens idaltu. The ingenuity and adaptability of Homo sapiens has led to its becoming the most influential species on the Earth; it is currently deemed of least concern on the Red List of endangered species by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.[1]
Contents [hide]
1 Name and taxonomy
2 Origin
3 Evolution
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Name and taxonomy[edit]
Further information: Homo and Names for the human species
The binomial name Homo sapiens was coined by Carl Linnaeus (1758).[2] The Latin noun homō (genitive hominis) means "man, human being".
Subspecies of H. sapiens include Homo sapiens idaltu and the only extant subspecies, Homo sapiens sapiens. Some sources show Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) as a subspecies (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis).[3][4] Similarly, the discovered specimens of the Homo rhodesiensis species have been classified by some as a subspecies (Homo sapiens rhodesiensis), but these last two subspecies classifications are not widely accepted by scientists.
Origin[edit]
Schematic representation of the emergence of H. sapiens from earlier species of Homo. The horizontal axis represents geographic location; the vertical axis represents time in millions of years ago. Blue areas denote the presence of a certain species at a given time and place. Early modern humans spread from Africa across different regions of the globe and interbred with other descendants of Homo heidelbergensis, namely Neanderthals, Denisovans, and unknown archaic African hominins (top right).[5]
Traditionally, there are two competing views in paleoanthropology about the origin of H. sapiens: the recent African origin and the multiregional origin.
Since 2010, genetic research has led to the emergence of an intermediate position, characterised by mostly recent African origin plus limited admixture with archaic humans.
The recent African origin of modern humans is the mainstream model that describes the origin and early dispersal of anatomically modern humans. The theory is called the (Recent) Out-of-Africa model in the popular press, and academically the recent single-origin hypothesis (RSOH), Replacement Hypothesis, and Recent African Origin (RAO) model. The hypothesis that humans have a single origin (monogenesis) was published in Charles Darwin's Descent of Man (1871). The concept was speculative until the 1980s, when it was corroborated by a study of present-day mitochondrial DNA, combined with evidence based on physical anthropology of archaic specimens. According to genetic and fossil evidence, archaic Homo sapiens evolved to anatomically modern humans solely in Africa, between 200,000 and 100,000 years ago, with members of one branch leaving Africa by 60,000 years ago and over time replacing earlier human populations such as Neanderthals and Homo erectus.
The recent single origin of modern humans in East Africa is the near-consensus position held within the scientific community.[6][7][8][9][10] However, recent sequencing of the full Neanderthal genome suggests Neanderthals and some modern humans share some ancient genetic lineages. The authors of the study suggest that their findings are consistent with Neanderthal admixture of up to 4% in some populations. But the study also suggests that there may be other reasons why humans and Neanderthals share ancient genetic lineages.[11] In August 2012, a study by scientists at the University of Cambridge questioned this conclusion, hypothesising instead that the DNA overlap is a remnant of a common ancestor of both Neanderthals and modern humans. That study however does not explain why only a fraction of modern humans have Neanderthal DNA.[12][13]
The multiregional origin model provides an explanation for the pattern of human evolution proposed by Milford H. Wolpoff[14] in 1988.[15] Multiregional origin holds that the evolution of humanity from the beginning of the Pleistocene 2.5 million years BP to the present day has been within a single, continuous human species, evolving worldwide to modern Homo sapiens sapiens.
Evolution[edit]
Life timeline
view • discuss • edit
-4500 —–-4000 —–-3500 —–-3000 —–-2500 —–-2000 —–-1500 —–-1000 —–-500 —–0 —
water
Single-celled
life
photosynthesis
Eukaryotes
Multicellular
life
Land life
Dinosaurs
Mammals
Flowers
←
Earliest Earth (-4540)
←
Earliest water
←
Earliest life
(-4100)
←
LHB meteorites
←
Earliest oxygen
←
Atmospheric oxygen
←
Oxygen Crisis
←
Earliest sexual reproduction
←
Cambrian explosion
←
Earliest humans
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also see {{Human timeline}} and {{Nature timeline}}
Human timeline
view • discuss • edit
-10 —–-9 —–-8 —–-7 —–-6 —–-5 —–-4 —–-3 —–-2 —–-1 —–0 —
Human-like
apes
Nakalipithecus
Ouranopithecus
Sahelanthropus
Orrorin
Ardipithecus
Australopithecus
Homo habilis
Homo erectus
Neanderthal
Homo sapiens
←
Earlier apes
←
Earliest bipedal
←
Early bipedal
←
Earliest stone tools
←
Earliest exit
from Africa
←
Earliest fire use
←
Earliest cooking
←
Earliest clothes
←
Modern humans
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Axis scale: millions of years.
also see {{Life timeline}} and {{Nature timeline}}
Main article: Anatomically modern humans § Evolution
Further information: Human evolution, Homo, Anatomically modern humans, Timeline of human evolution, and Early human migrations
The time frame for the evolution of the genus Homo out of the chimpanzee–human last common ancestor is roughly 10 to 2 million years ago, that of H. sapiens out of Homo erectus roughly 1.8 to 0.2 million years ago.
Scientific study of human evolution is concerned, primarily, with the development of the genus Homo (extant and extinct human species), but usually involves studying other hominids as well, i.e. other "great apes"; these include Australopithecus, an important ancestor of humans, and our current as well as extinct relatives among the Homininae subfamily: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and the related extinct hominins.
"Modern humans" are defined as the Homo sapiens species, of which the only extant subspecies is known as Homo sapiens sapiens.
Homo sapiens idaltu, the other known subspecies, is now extinct.[16] Homo neanderthalensis, which became extinct 30,000 years ago, has sometimes been classified as a subspecies, "Homo sapiens neanderthalensis"; genetic studies now suggest that the functional DNA of modern humans and Neanderthals diverged 500,000 years ago.[17]
Similarly, the discovered specimens of the Homo rhodesiensis species have been classified by some as a subspecies, but this classification is not widely accepted.
Anatomically modern humans first appear in the fossil record in Africa about 195,000 years ago (see Omo remains), and studies of molecular biology give evidence that the approximate time of divergence from the common ancestor of all modern human populations was 200,000 years ago.[18][19][20][21][22] The broad study of African genetic diversity found the ǂKhomani San people to express the greatest genetic diversity among the 113 distinct populations sampled, making them one of 14 "ancestral population clusters". The research also located the origin of modern human migration in southwestern Africa, near the coastal border of Namibia and Angola.[23][24]
The forces of natural selection have continued to operate on human populations, with evidence that certain regions of the genome display directional selection in the past 15,000 years.[25]
See also[edit]
Dawn of Humanity – a 2015 PBS film
Human timeline
Life timeline
List of human evolution fossils
Nature timeline
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Global Mammal Assessment Team (2008). "Homo sapiens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Linné, Carl von (1758). Systema naturæ. Regnum animale. (10 ed.). pp. 18, 20. Retrieved 19 November 2012..
Jump up ^ Hublin, J. J. (2009). "The origin of Neandertals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (38): 16022–7. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10616022H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904119106. JSTOR 40485013. PMC 2752594free to read. PMID 19805257.
Jump up ^ Harvati, K.; Frost, S.R.; McNulty, K.P. (2004). "Neanderthal taxonomy reconsidered: implications of 3D primate models of intra- and interspecific differences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101: 1147–52. doi:10.1073/pnas.0308085100. PMC 337021free to read. PMID 14745010. Retrieved 2015-02-06.
Jump up ^ Stringer, C. (2012). "What makes a modern human". Nature. 485 (7396): 33–35. doi:10.1038/485033a. PMID 22552077.
Jump up ^ Liu, Hua; et al. (2006). "A Geographically Explicit Genetic Model of Worldwide Human-Settlement History". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 79: 230–237. doi:10.1086/505436. PMC 1559480free to read. PMID 16826514. Currently available genetic and archaeological evidence is generally interpreted as supportive of a recent single origin of modern humans in East Africa. However, this is where the near consensus on human settlement history ends, and considerable uncertainty clouds any more detailed aspect of human colonization history.
Jump up ^ "Out of Africa Revisited – 308 (5724): 921 g – Science". Sciencemag.org. 2005-05-13. doi:10.1126/science.308.5724.921g. Retrieved 2009-11-23.
Jump up ^ Nature (2003-06-12). "Access : Human evolution: Out of Ethiopia". Nature. Retrieved 2009-11-23.
Jump up ^ "Origins of Modern Humans: Multiregional or Out of Africa?". ActionBioscience. Retrieved 2009-11-23.
Jump up ^ "Modern Humans – Single Origin (Out of Africa) vs Multiregional". Asa3.org. Retrieved 2009-11-23.
Jump up ^ Green, RE; Krause, J; Briggs, AW; Maricic, T; Stenzel, U; Kircher, M; Patterson, N; Li, H; et al. (2010). "A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome". Science. Science (journal). 328 (5979): 710–22. doi:10.1126/science.1188021. PMID 20448178.
Jump up ^ Study casts doubt on human-Neanderthal interbreeding theory, The Guardian, Tuesday 14 August 2012
Jump up ^ Anders Eriksson and Andrea Manica Effect of ancient population structure on the degree of polymorphism shared between modern human populations and ancient hominins PNAS 2012 : 1200567109v1-201200567. July 20, 2012
Jump up ^ Wolpoff, MH; Hawks, J; Caspari, R (2000). "Multiregional, not multiple origins". Am J Phys Anthropol. 112 (1): 129–36. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(200005)112:1 <129::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;2-K. PMID 10766948.
Jump up ^ Wolpoff, MH; JN Spuhler; FH Smith; J Radovcic; G Pope; DW Frayer; R Eckhardt; G Clark (1988). "Modern human origins". Science. 241 (4867): 772–4. doi:10.1126/science.3136545. PMID 3136545.
Jump up ^ Human evolution: the fossil evidence in 3D, by Philip L. Walker and Edward H. Hagen, Dept. of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved April 5, 2005.
Jump up ^ Green, R. E., Krause, J, Ptak, S. E., Briggs, A. W., Ronan, M. T., Simons, J. F.; et al. (2006). Analysis of one million base pairs of Neanderthal DNA. Nature. pp. 16, 330–336.
Jump up ^ nsf.gov – National Science Foundation (NSF) News – New Clues Add 40,000 Years to Age of Human Species – US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Jump up ^ "Age of ancient humans reassessed". BBC News. February 16, 2005. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ The Oldest Homo Sapiens: – URL retrieved May 15, 2009
Jump up ^ Alemseged, Z., Coppens, Y., Geraads, D. (2002). "Hominid cranium from Homo: Description and taxonomy of Homo-323-1976-896". Am J Phys Anthropol. 117 (2): 103–12. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10032. PMID 11815945.
Jump up ^ Stoneking, Mark; Soodyall, Himla (1996). "Human evolution and the mitochondrial genome". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 6 (6): 731–6. doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(96)80028-1.
Jump up ^ Henn, Brenna; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Jobin, Matthew (2011). "Hunter-gatherer genomic diversity suggests a southern African origin for modern humans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences. 108 (13): 5154–62. doi:10.1073/pnas.1017511108.
Jump up ^ Gill, Victoria (May 1, 2009). "Africa's genetic secrets unlocked". BBC News.; the results were published in the online edition of the journal Science.
Jump up ^ Wade, N (2006-03-07). "Still Evolving, Human Genes Tell New Story". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
External links[edit]
Media related to Homo sapiens at Wikimedia Commons
Human Timeline (Interactive) – Smithsonian, National Museum of Natural History (August 2016).
[hide] v t e
Human evolution
Homininae
Sivapithecus Ardipithecus Kenyanthropus Orrorin Sahelanthropus Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor
Australopithecines
Australopithecus
A. afarensis A. africanus A. anamensis A. bahrelghazali A. deyiremeda A. garhi A. sediba
Paranthropus
P. aethiopicus P. boisei P. robustus
Humans and
proto-humans
Archaic humans H. ergaster H. gautengensis H. habilis H. rudolfensis H. naledi
Homo erectus
H. e. erectus H. e. georgicus H. e. lantianensis H. e. nankinensis H. e. palaeojavanicus H. e. pekinensis H. e. soloensis H. e. tautavelensis H. e. yuanmouensis
Callao Man Denisova hominin H. antecessor H. cepranensis H. floresiensis H. heidelbergensis H. helmei H. neanderthalensis H. rhodesiensis Penghu 1 Red Deer Cave people
Homo sapiens (human)
Cro-Magnon H. s. idaltu H. s. sapiens Manot people
Related
Books Genetics List of fossils Models Multiregional origin Recent African origin Paleoanthropology Timeline of human evolution Timeline of human prehistory Timelines Human timeline Life timeline Nature timeline
icon Evolutionary biology portal
[show] v t e
Big History
Taxon identifiers
EoL: 327955 GBIF: 2436436 ITIS: 180092 IUCN: 136584 NCBI: 9606 Fossilworks: 83088 MSW: 12100795
Anthropology portal iconEvolutionary biology portal iconScience portal
Categories: IUCN Red List least concern speciesHumans
HOmo Sapens..
NEXT... BUNNIES...
Bunny (surname)
Bunny (nickname)
Bunny, pseudonym of Carl E. Schultze (1866-1939), American newspaper cartoonist
Lady Bunny (born 1962), American drag queen
Bunny DeBarge (born 1955), American singer, part of the R&B musical group Debarge
Fictional characters[edit]
Bunny (Lexx), a character on the television series Lexx
Bunny (Powerpuff Girls), a one-time character on the TV series Powerpuff Girls
Bunny (Sailor Moon) or Sailor Moon, the main character in Sailor Moon media
Bunny Bravo, a character on the TV series Johnny Bravo
Bunny Charlson, a character in Eldorado (TV series)
Howard "Bunny" Colvin, a character on the TV show The Wire
Bunny Watson, a protagonist in the 1957 film Desk Set, played by Katharine Hepburn
Bunny, a character on the television series As the World Turns
Bunny, a character associated with the DC Comics character Zachary Zatara
Bunny, a character in the film Platoon
Bunny, a character in Robert Asprin's MythAdventures series
Bunny Halper, a character on the TV series The Danny Thomas Show
Bunny Wigglesworth, a character in the film Zorro, The Gay Blade
Harry "Bunny" Manders, a character in the A. J. Raffles stories
Easter Bunny, a mythological rabbit or hare bringing Easter eggs in Western culture
Edmund "Bunny" Corcoran, a character in the novel The Secret History
Bunny, the main character in the television series Untalkative Bunny
Bunny Lebowski (aka Bunny LaJoya), a character in the film The Big Lebowski
Barnaby "Bunny" Brooks Jr., a character in the TV show Tiger & Bunny
the title character of Big Buck Bunny, a short computer animated comedy film
Entertainment[edit]
Bunny (1998 film), an animated short
Bunny (2005 film), a Telugu-language film
Bunny (webcomic), a webcomic
one of the title protagonists of Tiger & Bunny, a 2011 Japanese anime television series
Other uses[edit]
Bunny, Nottinghamshire, England, a village and civil parish
Bunny Hall, a country house in Bunny
Bunny, a very inept cricket batsman
Bunny, a local word for a chine or coastal valley in Hampshire, England
Bunny, or Bunny chow, a South African fast food dish
See also[edit]
Andrew Huang (born 1975), American hacker nicknamed "bunnie"
Bunnie Holbert, Miss Arkansas 1977
Disambiguation icon This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Bunny.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
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161nd
1 140 points
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October 2016
Hi ^^
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unclassified
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October 2016
a stranger
So cool.
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182nd
1 053 points
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February 2017
hi hi hi hi hi hi hi
Ho Ho Ho
He He He
Hi Hi Hi
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235nd
883 points
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February 2017
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235nd
883 points
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February 2017
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